La muerte en el cine, menudo tema. Junto con el sexo y el poder, la muerte constituye la santísima trinidad temática. Es por tanto un asunto muy serio que da para todos los tratamientos posibles. Hay un cine que lo exhibe y convierte en atracción de feria, que lo banaliza hasta tal punto y de tal manera que parece un elemento casual de la trama, las muertes (de los personajes secundarios) se suceden sin causar el menor impacto emocional en el espectador, son un accidente previsible y menor. Véase una determinada variante de thriller/terror pensado y dirigido particularmente a un público adolescente, que no exige más que una apariencia mínima de verosimilitud y acepta que se le dé gato por liebre sazonadito en abundantes chorros de sangre derramada.
Esta semana en nuestra cartelera tienen un ejemplo: Inside, de Miguel Ángel Vivas, un remake de Á l’interieur, filme francés que diez años atrás marcó tendencias en el terreno que les describo, premiado en el Festival de Sitges, dónde si no, por sus maquillajes de charcutería. Aunque, comparada con Al interior, Inside en un ejercicio de contención monacal, como digo, la muerte es sólo un elemento imprescindible en un juego de espejos que la desprovee de su naturaleza trágica para convertirla en un elemento de feria, supuestamente espectacular.
Hay otro cine en el que la muerte ocupa el centro de la vida, está al otro lado de la línea que separa el rótulo de FIN y su inevitabilidad arrastra por la senda del dolor desgarrador a los personajes, con la intención de atrapar y conmover a los espectadores haciéndoles partícipes del destino de aquéllos. Estas películas tratan de ceñirse a la realidad más cruda para ofrecerse a sí mismas, a quienes las hacen y al patio de butacas algo parecido a una catarsis. No hace mucho hablaba yo aquí de la obra de Lino Escalera, No sé decir adiós (desde ya les digo: sigue siendo lo mejor que he visto hasta hoy producido en España) y a la vuelta del verano está pendiente de estrenarse Morir, de Fernando Franco, con La herida ganador del Goya al Mejor Director novel, que guarda con la anterior una conexión argumental muy importante: en ambos casos encontramos a una pareja confrontada a la enfermedad terminal de un hombre, proceso descrito con la sequedad y dramatismo que cuadran con la visión más honesta y comprometida con la verdad, justo lo opuesto a la absurda falsificación promovida por el gore y sus variantes.
Es cierto que Morir –vaya titulito, veneno para la taquilla– no ofrece un resquicio de luz, un clavo ardiendo al que agarrarse para no dejarse arrastrar al pesimismo más feroz, muy al contrario de lo que sí consigue No sé decir adiós; igual de duras las dos en las formas, pero mucho más facilitadora de la empatía y la emoción la segunda que la primera.
Hay una tercera forma representación de la muerte en el cine. Consiste en diluir el dramatismo y evitar las cautelas que debería tener la escenificación de la violencia, con el fin de vender el producto al público aún más desarmado que el adolescente, el infantil, y maximizar el rendimiento económico. Ejemplo de la semana que viene: la saga Tranformers, que ya va por su quinta entrega sin ningún propósito de enmienda. Cruentas batallas libradas entre humanos o entre robots, o entre los unos y los otros, con muertes, despiezamientos y desgracias a diestro y siniestro, sin que una sola gota de sangre sea derramada en la pantalla para no alterar la frágil estabilidad emocional de los infantes. Transformers: el último caballero nos coloca en el reino de la mixtificación y la mentira, el adoctrinamiento desacomplejado en una mentalidad violenta y militarista que se regocija con grandes explosiones y el despliegue de armas de destrucción masiva. La muerte y el sufrimiento no existen en este territorio, sólo es una parodia. Y el público al que va dirigida, inocente, candoroso y desarmado ante la lluvia de mensajes belicistas subliminales con que es obsequiado.
A dar fe y testimonio de todas las variantes que la Parca emplea en su ecológica labor de liquidar a personas o personajes relacionados con la gran pantalla se dedica mi buen amigo Ginés García Agüera, a quien tienen ustedes dedicada arriba a la derecha de este blog mi memoria de cinéfilo. Ginés escribe un artículo, encabezado por un elocuente Muertos de cine, en la revista trimestral Adiós cultural, que está editada por Funespaña, un grupo empresarial dedicado a los servicios fúnebres.
Precisamente en el último número que está en la red a disposición en abierto de quien quiera leerlo (el correspondiente al mes de julio lo estará en agosto) Ginés realiza la disección en vivo de la obra de Lino Escalera que mencioné más arriba, No sé decir adiós. Con la delicadeza y la aguda mirada de un cirujano experto y sensible Ginés no sólo analiza los tejidos que componen el cuerpo fílmico, sino que los contempla y describe como se contempla y habla de los seres queridos. Verán, si siguen mi sugerencia y lo leen, que lo suyo no se limita a hacer crítica, sus palabras acarician a la película como acariciamos a nuestro gato que ronronea aposentado sobre nuestras piernas mientras la estamos viendo.
¿Una revista dedicada a la muerte? ¿Una columna de cine dedicada a los muertos? Que no cunda el pánico. Aquí lo gratuitamente siniestro no tiene lugar. Por la columna de mi amigo, que es lo que nos interesa en particular, desfilan películas, actores, directores, acontecimientos en general relacionados, sí, con el destino al que todos estamos convocados (a los dioses demos gracias porque en esto, al menos, ni los ricos y poderosos se libran) pero Ginés convierte la materia con la que trabaja no en motivo de pesar y tristeza, sino en lúdica cita con el conocimiento.
Una esquela mortuoria más falsa que un billete de mil euros, la de Francisco Paesa, fallecido en Tailandia de mentirijillas, ilustra su estupenda crónica con el título que revela su desenfadado estilo: Solo y Fernández, sociedad limitada, en alusión a los extraordinarios rendimientos actorales de Manolo Solo en Tarde para la ira y Eduard Fernández en El hombre de las mil caras. Un poste telefónico en las afueras de Santa Mónica y el suicidio más largo de la historia del cine, lamenta el encontronazo de Montgomery Clift conduciendo completamente borracho con un destino anticipado por adicciones sin cuento que diez años después acabaron con él. La criada “Ramona”, Margarita Lozano, levanta el vestido de novia que Silvia Pinal porta con dignidad ante la atenta mirada de Fernando Rey en Viridiana. Margarita Lozano, de la estirpe de actores y actrices que enriquecen sin ruido los planos que privilegian a las estrellas, es protagonista de la columna La cómica que durmió en el colchón de Unamuno. Y la semblanza de un cómico muy serio y genial, el más serio y casi más genial del mundo, Buster Keaton, inspira el poético encabezado de Los pasillos del cielo estarán sonando con risas divinas.
Les he citado cinco peldaños de una escalera refulgente que une la tumba de los protagonistas con el cielo de la inmortalidad pasando por la pantalla de cine, en ese cuaderno de notas mortuorias al que Ginés García Agüera añade páginas con diligencia y pasión por las películas y sus hacedores. Sólo cuatro, pero la escalera tiene un número infinito de escalones porque la muerte da mucho juego y beneficio. A los guionistas, novelistas, periodistas y también, por desgracia y sobre todo, a los mercaderes de armas y los gobiernos que les protegen.
Con este «entretenido temita» de hoy les dejo tranquilos durante un mes. Vuelvo con ustedes en septiembre. Que descansen en paz… pero vivos y coleando.
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